Summarry scent of apples Essay Example for Free

Summarry scent of apples EssayJob MethodWith Job takings, the empty task is handled by a single worker or group of workers. Jobs can be small-scale/low technology as well as mixed/high technology. Low technology credit lines here the organization of production is extremely simply, with the required skills and equipment easily obtainable. This method enables customers specific requirements to be included, often as the job progresses. Examples include hairdressers tailoring High technology jobs high technology jobs involve much greater complexity and in that locationfore present greater heed challenge. The important ingredient in high-technology job production isproject management, or project control. The essential features of good project control for a job ar lightsome definitions of objectives- how should the job progress (milestones, dates, stages) Decision-making turn how be decisions taking about the needs of each process in the job, labour and other resources Ex amples of high technology / complex jobs film production large construction projects (e.g. the Millennium Dome) potentiometer MethodAs businesses grow and production volumes increase, it is not unusual to see the production process organised so that Batch methods can be used. Batch methods require that the work for any task is divided into parts or executions. Each operation is completed through the whole batch before the next operation is performed. By using the batch method, it is possible to achieve specialisation of labour. Capital expenditure can also be kept lower although careful planning is required to ensure that production equipment is not idle. The main aims of the batch method are, therefore, to focus skills (specialisation) Achieve high equipment utilisationThis technique is probably the most commonly used method for organising manufacture. A good example is the production of electronic instruments. Batch methods are not without their problems. There is a high probab ility of poor work flow, occurrencely if the batches are not of the optimal size or if there is a significant difference in productivity by each operation in the process. Batch methods often result in the build up of significant work in progress or stocks (i.e. completed batches waiting for their turn to beworked on in the next operation).Flow MethodsFlow methods are similar to batch methods except that the problem of rest/idle production/batch queuing is eliminated. Flow has been defined as a method of production presidential term where the task is worked on continuously or where the processing of material is continuous and progressive,The aims of flow methods are-Improved work material flow-Reduced need for labour skills Added nurture / completed work fasterFlow methods mean that as work on a task at a particular stage is complete, it mustiness be passed directly to the next stage for processing without waiting for the remaining tasks in the batch. When it arrives at the nex t stage, work must start immediately on the next process. In order for the flow to be smooth, the times that each task requires on each stage must be of equal space and there should be no movement off the flow production line. In theory, therefore, any fault or error at a particular stage In order that flow methods can work well, several requirements must be met(1) There must be substantially constant acceptIf take up is unpredictable or irregular, then the flow production line can lead to a substantial build up of stocks and possibility store difficulties. Many businesses using flow methods get round this problem by building for stock i.e. keeping the flow line working during quiet periods of demand so that take can be produced efficiently.(2) The product and/or production tasks must be standardised Flow methods are inflexible they cannot deal efficaciously with variations in the product (although some variety can be accomplished through applying different finishes, decorat ions etc at the end of the production line).(3) Materials used in production must be to specification and delivered on time Since the flow production line is working continuously, it is not a good idea to use materials that turn in style, form or quality. Similarly, if the required materials are not available, then the whole production line will come to a close with potentially serious cost consequences.(4) Each operation inthe production flow must be carefully defined and recorded in detail(5) The output from each stage of the flow must conform to quality standards Since the output from each stage moves forward continuously, there is no room for sub-standard output to be re-worked (compare this with job or batch production where it is possible to compensate for a lack of quality by doing some extra work on the job or the batch before it is completed). The achievement of a successful production flow line requires considerable planning, particularly in ensuring that the correct pr oduction materials are delivered on time and that operations in the flow are of equal duration.